Refactoring
The process of restructuring existing code without changing its external behavior to improve readability, reduce complexity, and make it easier to maintain.
定义
Refactoring is a disciplined technique for improving code design in small, safe steps. Each refactoring is a small behavior-preserving transformation. Common refactorings include: Extract Method (pull code into a new function), Rename (improve naming), Move Method (relocate to appropriate class), and Replace Conditional with Polymorphism. Automated tests are essential to ensure refactoring doesn't break functionality.
为什么重要
Regular refactoring prevents technical debt accumulation and keeps code maintainable. Teams that refactor continuously spend 50% less time on bug fixes. Martin Fowler's book "Refactoring" documents 70+ catalog patterns used industry-wide.
示例
A developer extracts a 50-line validation block from a controller into a separate Validator class, making both the controller and validation logic easier to test and understand.